Vietnam counts 54 ethnic minority spread out over the whole nation. The minorities presented on this record include the Dao, Giay, Hmong, Kinh, Muong, Nung, Thai and Tay. The recording and editing were done by Patrick Kersale and include: Giay - wedding music, Giay - welcome song, Muong - funeral music, Muong - lullaby, Muong - courting music, Nung An - love song, Tay - rural song, Dao - celebration music, Dao - a sung popular tale, Thai - pi pap solo, Thai - pi tam lay solo, Thai - celebration drum, Thai - wedding music, Thai - funeral music, Hmong - love song, Black Hmong - khen solo, Kinh- funeral music. In the northern minorities presented on this CD, one distinguishes three linguistic groups.